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33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  873-4503 


CIHiyi/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


k 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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IV 

a 

b( 
rii 
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Additional  comments:/ 
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Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X 

1 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

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empreinte. 


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shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^  (meaning  "CON- 
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whichever  applies. 


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dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
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required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tsbleaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
fiimis  A  des  taux  de  rMuction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  11  est  film6  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  drolte. 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenent  le  nombre 
d'images  nicessaire.  Les  diagrammes  sulvants 
illustrent  le  mithode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

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0\:i    ^out[\    iLcaflctjtf. 

No.  ()4. 

The  Discovery 

of  the 
Hudson  River. 


From  "Thk  Third  Voyac.k  ok  Masier  IIknry  HrnsoN,  rowARn 
Nova  Zk.mki.a,  and  at  his  Rkiurnk,  his  1'assin(;  fr(jm  Farre 
Islands  n;  New-found  Land,  and  alonj;  to  P'ortie-koire 
D::(;kkes  and  Ten  Minites,  and  thence  to  Cate  Cod,  and 
so  to  Thirtie-three    Decrees;  and   along  the  Coast  to  the 

NiJRiHWARD,   to     FoK  II  E-I\V0     DEGREES     AND     AN    HaI.KE,    AND    IT 
THE     KlVKR     NeERE     ID     FoRliE-THKEE     DE(;REES."        WRITTEN     HY 

Robert  Jtet  nv  Limk-hoise. 


The  Jirs/  (>/  Scptembct-  [1609],  faire  vcather,  the  wind  varia- 
ble betweene  east  and  south ;  we  steered  away  north  north- 
west. At  noone  we  found  our  height  to  bee  39  degrees,  3 
minutes.  Wee  had  soundings  thirtie,  twentie-seven,  twentie- 
foure,  and  twentie-two  fathomes,  as  wee  went  to  the  north- 
ward. At  sixe  of  the  clocke  wee  had  one  and  twentie  fath- 
omes. And  all  the  third  watch,  till  twelve  of  the  clocke  at 
mid-night,  we  had  soundings  one  and  twentie,  two  and  twen- 
tie, eighteene,  two  and  twentie,  one  and  twentie,  eighteene, 
and  two  and  twentie  fathoms,  and  went  sixe  leagues  neere 
hand  north  north-west. 

The  second^  in  the  morning,  close  weather,  the  winde  at 
south  in  the  morning;  from  twelve  untill  two  of  the  clocke  we 
steered  north  north-west,  and  had  sounding  one  and  twentie 
fathoms ;  anrl  in  running  one  glasse  we  had  but  sixteene 
fathoms,  then  seventeene,  and  so  shoalder  and  shoalder  untill 
it  came  to  twelve  fathoms.  We  saw  a  great  fire,  but  could  not 
see  the  land ;  then  we  came  to  ten  fathoms,  whereupon  we 
brought  our  tackes  aboord,  and  stood  to  the  eastward  east 
south-east,  foure  glasses.  Then  the  sunne  arose,  and  wee 
steered  away  north  againe,  and  saw  the  land  from  the  west  by 
north  to  the  north-west  by  north,  all  like  broken  islands,*  and 

•Sandy  Hook. 


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Wl    ; 


1  s: 


our  soundings  were  eleven  and  ten  fathoms.  Then  wee  looft 
in  for  the  shoare,  and  faire  by  the  shoare  we  had  seven 
fathoms.  The  course  along  the  land  we  found  to  be  north- 
east by  north.  From  the  land  which  we  had  first  sight  of, 
unlill  we  came  to  a  great  lake  of  water,  as  wee  could  judge  it 
to  bee,  being  drowned  land,  which  made  it  to  rise  like  islands, 
which  was  in  length  ten  leagues.  The  mouth  of  that  land 
hath  many  shoalds,  and  the  sea  breaketh  on  them  as  it  is  cast 
out  of  the  mouth  of  it.  And  from  that  lake  or  bay  the  land 
lyeth  north  by  east,  and  wee  had  a  great  streame  out  of  the 
bay ;  and  from  thence  our  sc»unding  was  ten  fathoms  two 
leagues  from  the  land.  At  five  of  the  clocke  we  anchored, 
being  little  winde,  and  rode  in  eight  fathoms  water ;  the  night 
was  faire.     This  night  I  found  the  land  to  hall  the  compasse  8 


degrees. 


For  to  the  northward  off  us  we  saw  high  hils.      For 


the  day  before  we  found  not  above  2  degrees  of  variation. 
This  is  a  very  good  land  to  fall  with,  and  a  pleasant  land  to 
see. 

The  //i/n/,  the  morning  mystie,  until!  ten  of  the  clocke  ;  then 
it  cleered,  and  the  wind  came  to  the  south  south-east,  so  wee 
weighed  and  stood  to  the  northward.  The  land  *  is  very 
pleasant  and  high,  and  bold  to  fall  withall.  At  three  of  the 
clock  in  the  after-noone,  wee  came  to  three  great  rivers. t  So 
we  stood  along  to  the  nortnermost,  thinking  to  have  gone  into 
it,  but  we  found  it  to  have  a  very  shoald  barre  before  it, 
for  we  had  but  ten  foot  water.  Then  we  cast  about  to  the 
southward,  and  found  two  fathoms,  three  fathoms,  and  three 
and  a  quarter,  till  we  came  to  the  souther  side  of  them  ;  then 
we  had  five  and  sixe  fathoms,  and  anchored.  80  wee  sent  in 
our  boate  to  sound,  and  they  found  no  lesse  water  then  foure, 
five,  sixe,  and  seven  fathoms,  and  returned  in  an  houre  and  a 
halfe.  So  wee  weighed  and  went  in,  and  rode  in  five  fathoms, 
oze  ground,  and  saw  many  salmons,  and  mullets,  and  rayes, 
very  great.     The  height  is  40  degrees,  30  minutes. 

The  fourth,  in  the  morning,  as  soone  as  the  day  was  light, 
wee  saw  that  it  was  good  riding  farther  up.  So  we  sent  our 
boate  to  sound,  and  found  that  it  was  a  very  good  harbour, 
and  foure  and  five  fathomes,  two  cables  length  from  the  shoare. 
Then  we  weighed   and  went  in  with  our  ship.     Then  our  boate 

♦The  south  coast  of  Staten  Island. 


t  Mr.  I'mdhead's  opinion  is,  that  two  of  the  three   rivers  are  the  karitaii  anil  Narrows, 
the  third /r^i^rt^/y  Kockaway  Inlet. 


went  on  land  *  with  our  net  to  fish,  and  cauglu  ten  great 
mullets,  of  a  foote  and  a  halfe  long  a  peece,  and  a  ray  as  great 
as  foure  men  could  hale  into  tiie  ship.  So  wee  trimmed  our 
boate  and  rode  still  all  day.  At  night  the  wind  blew  hard  at 
the  north-west,  and  our  anchor  came  home,  and  wee  drove 
on  shoare,  but  tooke  no  hurt,  thanked  bee  God,  for  the  ground 
is  soft  sand  and  oze.  This  day  the  people  of  the  countrey 
came  aboord  of  us,  seeming  very  glad  of  our  comming,  and 
brought  greene  tobacco,  and  gave  us  of  it  f(jr  knives  and 
beads.  They  goe  in  deere  skins  loose,  well  dressed.  They 
have  yellow  copper.  They  desire  cloathes,  and  are  very  civill. 
They  have  great  store  of  maize,  or  Indian  wheate,  wiiereof 
they  make  good  bread.  The  countrey  is  full  of  great  and  tall 
oake. 

The  fifth,  in  the  morning,  as  soone  as  the  day  was  light,  the 
wind  ceased  and  the  flood  came.  So  we  heaved  off  our  ship 
againe  into  five  fathoms  water,  and  sent  our  boate  to  sound 
the  bay,  and  we  found  that  there  was  three  fathoms  hard  by 
the  souther  shoare.  Our  men  went  on  land  t  there,  and  saw 
great  store  of  men,  women,  and  children,  who  gave  them  ta- 
bacco  at  their  comming  on  land.  So  they  went  uj)  into  the 
voods,  and  saw  great  store  of  very  goodly  oakes  and  some  cur- 
rants. For  one  of  them  came  aboord  and  brought  some 
dryed,  and  gave  me  some,  which  were  sweet  and  good.  This 
day  many  of  the  people  came  aboard,  some  in  mantles  of 
feathers,  and  some  in  skinnes  of  divers  sorts  of  good  furres. 
Some  women  also  came  to  us  with  hemj^e.  They  had  red 
copper  tabacco  pipes,  and  other  things  of  copper  they  did 
weare  about  their  neckes.  .\t  night  they  went  on  land  againe, 
so  wee  rode  very  quiet,  but  durst  not  trust  them. 

The  sixths  in  the  morning,  was  faire  weather,  and  our  master 
sent  John  Colman,  with  foure  other  men  in  our  boate,  over  to 
the  north-side  to  sound  the  other  ri\er,t  being  foure  leagues 
from  us.  They  found  by  the  way  shoald  water,  two  fathoms; 
but  at  the  north  of  the  river  eighteen,  and  twentie  fathoms, 
and  very  good  riding  for  ships  :  and  a  narrow  river  §  to  the 

*  AccordinR  to  a  generally  received  tradition,  Coney  Island. 

t  According  to  some,  in  Monmouth  County,  New  Jersey,  or  somewhere  near  Richmond, 
on  Staten  Island.  Hut  there  i.s  no  evidence  to  show  that  the  landing-place  was  not  further 
cast,  on  Long  Island. 

X  The  Narrow!!  ? 

§  The  hills  between  Staten  Island  and  Hergen  Neck.     Moulton,  History  of  New  York, 
i.  p.  211. 


II 


■y  IS,       I,' 


Kl 


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IS! 


I 


Hi 


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.'     ft" 

>  .¥■; 


westward,  betweene  two  Hands.  The  lands,  they  tuld  us, 
were  as  pleasant  with  grasse  and  llowers  and  goodly  trees  as 
ever  they  had  seene,  and  very  sweet  smells  came  from  them. 
So  they  went  in  two  leagues  and  saw  an  open  sea,  and  re- 
turned ;  and  as  they  came  backe,  they  were  set  upon  by  two 
canoes,  the  one  having  twelve,  the  othf^r  fourleene  men.  The 
night  came  on,  and  it  began  to  rayne,  so  that  their  match  went 
out ;  and  they  had  one  man  slaine  in  the  fight,  which  was  an 
Englishman,  named  John  Colman,  with  an  arrow  shot  into  his 
throat,  and  two  more  hurt.  It  grew  so  darke  that  they  could 
not  find  the  ship  that  night,  but  labored  to  and  fro  on  their 
oares.  They  had  so  great  a  streame,  that  their  graimell  would 
not  hold  them. 

The  sc-'cnth^  was  faire,  and  by  ten  of  the  clocke  they  re- 
turned aboord  the  ship,  and  brought  our  de?d  man  with  them, 
whom  we  carried  on  land  and  buryed,  and  named  the  point 
after  his  name,  Colmans  Point.*  Then  we  hoysed  in  our 
boate,  and  raised  her  side  with  waste  boords  for  defence  of 
our  men.  So  we  rode  still  all  night,  having  good  regard  to  our 
watch. 

The  eight,  was  very  faire  weather,  wee  rode  still  very  quietly. 
The  people  came  aboord  us,  and  brought  tabacco  and  Indian 
wheat  to  exchange  for  knives  and  beades,  and  offered  us  no 
violence.  So  we  fitting  up  our  boate  did  marke  them,  to  see  if 
they  would  make  any  shew  of  the  death  of  our  man  ;  which 
they  did  not. 

The  ;//////',  faire  weather.  In  the  morning,  two  great  canoes 
came  aboord  full  of  men ;  the  one  with  their  bowes  and  ar- 
rowes,  and  the  other  in  shew  of  buying  of  knives  to  betray  us; 
but  we  perceived  their  intent.  Wee  tooke  two  of  them  to  have 
kept  them,  and  put  red  coates  on  them,  and  would  not  suffer 
the  other  to  come  neere  us.  So  they  went  on  land,  and  two 
other  came  aboord  in  a  canoe  ;  we  tooke  the  one  and  let  the 
other  goe ;  but  hee  which  wee  had  taken,  got  up  and  leapt 
over-boord.  Then  we  weighed  and  went  off  into  the  channell 
of  the  river,  and  anchored  there  all  night. 

The   tctith,   faire   weather,   we   rode   still    till    twelve   of    the 


*  According  to  the  Dutch  maps  and  charts  of  tlie  seventeentli  century,  Colman's  Point 
(also  called  Ciodyn's  Point  and  Sand  or  Sant  P  Mnt),  is  identical  with,  or  forms  part  of,  .Sandy 
Hook.  No  great  amount  of  criticism  is,  however,  displayed  in  those  delineations;  and  they 
cannot  be  considered  as  sufficient  proofs  that  Colman  really  was  Imried  on  Sandy  Hook.  We 
have,  on  the  contrary,  every  reastm  to  believe  that  Hudson  was,  on  the  7th  of  September, 
farther  iionh  than  the  above  suppositions  would  lead  us  to  assume.  Hudsor.'s  Cohnati's 
Point  and  the  Colmati's  Point  or  Punt  of  tiie  early  maps  are  therefore  probably  not 
identical. —  A  sher. 


i.,; 


ill 


li 


s  . 

clocke.  Then  we  weighed  and  went  over,  and  found  it  siioald 
all  the  middle  of  the  river,  for  wee  could  tinde  but  two  fathoms 
and  a  halfe  and  tiiree  fathomes  for  the  space  of  a  league;  then 
wee  came  to  three  fathomes  and  foure  fathomes,  and  so  to 
seven  fathomes,  and  anchored,  and  rode  all  night  in  soft  ozie 
ground.     The  banke  is  sand.* 

The  eh'-'cttth  was  faire  and  very  hot  weather.  At  one  of  the 
clocke  in  the  after-noone  wee  weighed  and  went  into  the  river, 
the  wind  at  south  south-west,  little  winde.  Our  soundings 
were  seven,  sixe,  five,  sixe,  seven,  eight,  nine,  ten,  twelve,  tiiir- 
teene,  ajid  fourteene  fathomes.  Then  it  shoalded  againe,  and 
came  to  five  fathomes.  Then  wee  anchored,  and  saw  that  it 
was  a  very  good  harbour  for  all  windes,  and  rode  all  night. 
The  people  of  the  country  came  aboord  of  us,  making  shew 
of  love,  and  gave  us  tabacco  and  Indian  wheat,!  and  departed 
for  that  night;  but  we  durst  not  trust  them.l 

The  tii'clfth,  very  faire  and  hot.  In  the  after-noone,  at  two 
of  the  clocke,  wee  weighed,  the  winde  being  variable  betweene 
the  north  and  the  north-west.  So  we  turned  into  the  river  two 
leagues  and  anchored.  'J'his  morning,  at  our  first  rode  in  the 
river,  there  came  eight  and  twentie  canoes  full  of  men,  women 
and  children  to  betrav  us  :  but  we  saw  their  intent,  and  suf- 
fered  none  of  them  to  come  aboord  of  us.  At  twelve  of  the 
clocke  they  departed.  They  brought  with  them  oysters  and 
beanes,  whereof  wee  bought  some.  They  have  great  tabacco 
pipes  of  yellow  copper,  and  pots  of  earth  to  dresse  their  meate 
in.     It  Howeth  south-east  by  south  within. 

The  thirtcoith,  faire  weather,  the  wind  northerly.  At  seven 
of  the  clocke  in  the  morning,  as  the  tloud  came  we  weighed, 
and  turned  foure  miles  into  the  river.  The  tide  being  done 
wee  anchored.  Then  there  came  foure  canoes  aboord :  but  we 
suffered  none  of  them  to  come  into  our  ship.  They  brought 
great  store  of  very  good  oysters  aboord,  which  we  bought  for 
trifles. Ji     In  the  night  I   set  the  variation  of  the  compasse,  and 

*  East  Sandbank,  in  tlie  Narrows.     Mi)iilton,  i.  j).  211 

t  According  to  Van  der  Donck,  maize  had  been  first  brouKht  to  these  regions  by  the 
.'>paniarrls. 

%  So  says  Jnet.  Hudson  liimself,  in  tlie  few  scraps  of  his  original  log-book  preserved  by 
De  Laetfand  als.>  in  tlie  coniniunications  which  \'an  Meteren  seems  to  have  received  from 
him,  always  speaks  most  kindly  of  the  North  American  Indians.  He  and  his  crew  entirely 
disagreed  witli  regard  to  tlie  treatment  due  to  the  jioor  natives:  and  his  kindness  was  re- 
warded by  friendship,  their  sullen  mistrust  bv  acts  of  hostility.  The  poor  Indian  has  but  too 
often  been  thus  both  ill-treated  and  ill- judged  by  prejudiced  Europeans. —  A  slur. 

§  According  to  the  opinion  of  Moulton,  History  of  New  Vcrk,  i.  p.  23S,  near  the  point 
where  Manhattansville  now  stands. 


Vr  i 


n 


,  I 


ii' 


found  it  to  be  13  degrees.  In  the  afler-noone  we  weighed, 
and  turned  in  with  the  lioud,  two  leagues  and  a  halfe  further, 
and  anchored  all  night;  and  had  tne  fathoms  soft  ozie 
ground  ;  and  had  an  high  jooint  of  land,  which  shewed  out  to 
us.  hearing  north  hy  east  five  leagues  off  us. 

'i'ho/(>//fiti/////,  in  the  morning,  being  very  faire  weather,  the 
wind  south-east,  we  sayled  up  the  river  twelve  leagues,  and 
had  fi\e  fathoms,  and  five  fathoms  and  a  cjuarter  lesse  ;  and 
came  to  a  streight  betweene  two  points,*  and  had  eight,  nine, 
and  ten  fathoms ;  and  it  trended  north-east  by  north,  one 
league :  and  wee  had  twelve,  thirteene,  and  fourtcene  fath- 
omes.  The  river  is  a  mile  broad  :  there  is  very  high  land  on 
both  sides. t  Then  we  went  up  north-west,  a  league  and  an 
halfe  deepe  water.  Then  north-east  by  north,  five  miles  ;  then 
north-west  by  north,  two  leagues,  and  anchored.  The  land 
grew  very  high  and  mountainous.     The  river  is  full  of  fish. 

'I'he  fifteenth^  in  the  morning,  was  misty,  untill  the  sunne 
arose :  then  it  cleered.  So  wee  weighed  with  the  wind  at 
south,  and  ran  up  into  the  river  twentie  leagues,  passing  by 
high  mountaines.t  Wee  had  a  very  good  depth,  as  sixe,  seven, 
eight,  nine,  ten,  twelve,  and  thirteene  fathomes,  and  great  store 
of  salmons  in  the  river.  This  morning  our  two  savages  got 
out  of  a  port  and  swam  away.  After  wee  were  under  sayle, 
they  called  to  us  in  scorne.  At  night  we  came  to  other  moun- 
taines,  which  lie  from  the  rivers  side.  There  wee  found  very 
loving  people,  and  very  old  men :  where  wee  were  well  used. 
Our  boat  went  to  fish,  and  caught  great  store  of  very  good  fish. 

The  sixteenth,  faire  and  very  hot  weather.  In  the  morning 
our  boat  went  againe  to  fishing,  but  could  catch  but  few,  by 
reason  their  canoes  had  beene  there  all  night.  This  morning 
the  people  came  aboord,  and  brought  us  eares  of  Indian  corne, 
and  pompions,  and  tabacco :  which  wee  bought  for  triries. 
Wee  rode  still  all  day,  and  filled  fresh  water ;  at  night  wee 
weighed  and  went  two  leagues  higher,  and  had  shoald  water : 
so  wee  anchored  till  day.;^ 

*  between  Stony  and  Verplanck  points,  according  to  Moulton's  computation  (History 
of  New  York,  i.  p.  23S). 

t  Near  Peakskill.  Hudson  seems  to  l)a\e  sailed  on  the  i4tli  to  tlie  iieigiiboriiood  of 
West  Point. 

%  Hudson  now  saw  the  highest  of  tiie  mountains  tiiat  border  tlie  river,  the  range  of  the 
Catskill  Mountains. 

§  According  to  Mouiton,  History  of  New  'S'ork,  i.  p.  244,  near  tlie  shoal  or  niarsii  in  the 
river,  between  Atliens,  and  directly  ojiposite  tiiat  and  the  city  that  now  bears  the  name  of 
Hudson;  according  to  Hrodiiead,  between  Sciiadak  and  Castleton. 


■  i  ■ 


The  srviiitccnthy  fairc  sun-shiiiinj;  weather,  and  very  hoi.  In 
the  niornin.'j;,  as  soone  as  the  sun  was  up,  we  set  sayle,  and  ran 
up  sixe  leagues  higher,  and  found  shoalds  in  the  middle  of  the 
channell,  and  small  ilands,  but  seven  fatlioms  water  on  both 
sides.  'I'oward  night  we  borrowed  so  neere  the  shoare,  that 
we  grounded  :  so  we  laved  out  our  small  anchor,  and  heaved 
off  againe.  Then  we  borrowed  on  the  banke  in  tlie  channell, 
and  came  aground  againe ;  while  the  (loud  ran  we  heaved  oil 
againe,  and  anchored  all  night* 

'I'he  fii^/ifrciit/i,  in  the  morning,  was  faire  weather,  and  we 
rode  still.  In  the  afler-noone  f)ur  misters  mate  went  on  land 
with  an  old  savage,  a  governor  of  the  countrey  ;  who  carried 
him  to  his  house,  and  made  him  good  cheere.  'i'he  ii/iiif,c'nt/i, 
was  faire  and  hot  weather :  at  the  Houd,  being  neere  eleven  of 
the  clocke,  wee  weighed,  and  ran  higher  up  two  leagues  above 
the  shoalds,  and  had  no  lesse  water  then  five  fathoms ;  wee 
anchored,  and  rode  in  eight  fathomes.  The  people  of  the 
countrie  came  Hocking  aboord,  and  brought  us  grapes  and 
pompions,  which  wee  bought  for  triMes.  And  many  brought 
us  bevers  skinnes  and  otters  skinnes,  which  wee  bought  for 
beades,  knives,  and  hatchets.     So  we  rode  there  all  night. t 

The  twentieth,  in  the  morning,  was  faire  weather.  Our  mas- 
ters mate  with  foure  men  more  went  up  with  our  boat  to  sound 
the  river,  and  found  two  leagues  above  us  but  two  fathomes 
water,  and  the  channell  very  narrow ;  and  above  that  place, 
se\en  or  eight  fathomes.  Toward  night  they  returned :  and 
we  rode  still  all  night.  The  one  and  tic'entief/i  was  faire 
weather,  and  the  wind  all  southerly  :  we  determined  yet  once 
more  to  go  farther  up  into  the  river,  to  trie  what  depth  and 
breadth  it  did  beare ;  but  much  people  resorted  aboord,  so  wee 
went  not  this  day.  Our  carpenter  went  on  land,  and  made  a 
fore-yard.  And  our  master  and  his  mate  determined  to  trie 
some  of  the  chiefe  men  of  the  countrey,  whether  they  had  any 
treacherie  in  them.  So  they  tooke  them  downe  into  the  cab- 
bin,  and  gave  them  so  much  wine  and  at/iia  vitic,  tiiat  they 
were  all  merrie  :  and  one  of  them  had  his  wife  with  them, 
which  sate  so  mouestly,  as  any  of  our  countrey  women  would 
doe  in  a  strange  place.  In  the  ende  one  of  them  was  drunke, 
which  had  beene  aboord  of  our  ship  all  the  time  that  we  had 


I 
I 


I9||| 


*  Undoubtedly  at  the  distance  of  a  few  miles  from  the  spot  where  Albany  now  stands. 

t  The  Ha!/  Moon  reached  either  the  spot  where  Albany  now  stands,  or  its  immediate 
iieighborliood. 


;!; 


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I 


I 


beene  llit're  :  and  that  was  strani^c  to  tluin  ;  for  they  could  not 
tell  how  to  take  it.  The  canoes  and  folke  went  all  on  shoare  : 
but  some  of  them  came  a^aii^e,  anil  brought  stropes  of  heades  : 
some  had  sixe,  seven,  ei^ht,  nine,  ten  ;  and  gave  him.  So  he 
.sle|)t  all  nij^ht  f|uietly. 

The  /ti'o  (///</  tKu'iitirth  was  fairc  weather:  in  the  mornin*:; 
our  masters  mate  and  foure  more  of  the  companie  went  uj)  with 
our  boat  to  sound  the  river  hij;her  up.  The  people  of  the 
countrey  came  not  aboord  till  noone  :  but  when  they  came, 
and  saw  the  sava;;es  well,  they  were  glad.  So  at  three  of  the 
clocke  in  the  afternofjne  they  came  aboord,  and  brought  ta- 
bacco,  and  more  heades,  and  gave  them  to  our  master,  and 
made  an  oration,  and  shewed  him  all  the  countrey  round 
about.  Then  they  sent  one  of  their  companie  on  land,  who 
presently  returned,  and  brought  a  great  platter  full  of  venison 
dressed  by  themsehes  ;  and  they  caused  him  to  eate  with 
them  :  then  they  made  him  reverence  and  departed,  all  save 
the  old  man  that  lay  aboord.  This  night,  at  ten  of  the  clocke, 
our  boat  returned  in  a  showre  of  raine  from  sounding  of  the 
river;  and  found  it  to  bee  at  an  end  for  shipping  to  gf)e  in. 
For  they  had  beene  up  eight  or  nine  leagues,  and  found  but 
seven  foot  water,  and  unconstant  soundings.* 

The  three  ami  /iih-/if/i'f/i,  faire  weather.  At  twelve  of  the 
clocke  wee  weighed,  and  went  downe  two  leagues  to  a  shoald 
that  iiad  two  channels,  one  on  the  one  side,  and  another  on  the 
other,  and  had  little  wind,  whereby  the  tyde  layed  us  upon  it. 
So  there  wee  sate  on  ground  the  space  of  an  houre  till  the 
floud  came.  Then  wee  had  a  little  gale  of  wind  at  die  west. 
So  wee  got  our  ship  into  deepe  water,  and  rode  all  night  very 
well. 

They?'///r  and  hocn/ict/t  was  faire  weather:  the  winde  at  the 
north-west,  wee  weighed,  and  went  downe  the  river  seven  or 
eight  leagues ;  and  at  halfe  ebbe  wee  came  on  ground  on  a 
banke  of  oze  in  the  middle  of  the  river,  and  sate  there  till  the 
Moud.  Then  wee  went  on  land,  and  gathered  good  store  of 
cliest-nuts.f  At  ten  of  the  clocke  wee  came  off  inio  deepe 
water,  and  anchored. 

The  Jii'e  and  twentieth  was  faire  weather,  and  the  wind  at 
south  a  stifife  gale.     We  rode  still,  and  went  on  land  X  to  walke 

♦Mr.  Hrodliead  thinks  lliat  Hudson's  boat  reached  tlie  i)liice  where  tlie  town  of  Water- 
ford  now  stands.     Urodhead,  History  of  New  Vorli,  i.  p.  32. 

t  .According  to  the  coniputation  of  Moiiiton  (i.  p.  267),  near  the  spot  wliere  tlie  town  of 
Hudson  now  stands, 

%  At  or  near  Catskill  Landing. 


on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  and  found  ^ood  ;4;round  for  come 
and  otiicr  i^arden  herbs,  with  };reat  .st(jre  of  j^oodly  o.ikcs,  and 
walnut-trees,  and  chest-nut  trees,  ewe  trees,  and  trees  of  sweet 
wood  in  <j;re  it  abundance,  and  ^reat  store  of  slate  for  houses, 
and  other  ^ood  stones. 

The  »7.\v  itihi  fuh-ntii-f/i  was  fairr  weather,  and  the  wiml  at 
south  a  stilfe  \l,^\(i\  wee  rode  still.  In  the  niornin<;  our  carpen- 
ter went  o\\  land,  with  (tur  masters  mate  and  foure  more  (jf  our 
comj^anie,  to  cut  wood.  This  mornin<;,  two  canoes  came  up 
the  river  from  the  place  where  we  first  found  lovin<^  people, 
and  in  one  of  them  was  the  old  man  that  had  lyen  aboord  of 
us  at  the  other  place.  He  brought  another  old  man  with  him, 
which  l)rou;j;ht  more  stro])es  of  beades  and  gave  them  to  our 
master,  and  shewed  him  all  the  countrey  there  about  as  though 
it  were  at  his  ct)mmand.  So  he  made  the  two  old  men  dine 
with  him,  and  the  old  mans  wife  :  for  they  brought  two  old 
women,  and  two  joung  maidens  of  the  age  of  sixteene  or 
seventeene  yeares  with  them,  who  behaved  themselves  very 
modestly.  Our  master  gave  one  of  the  old  men  a  knife,  and 
they  gave  him  and  us  tabacco.  And  at  one  of  the  clocke  they 
departed  downe  the  river,  making  signes  that  wee  should  come 
downe  to  them  ;  for  wee  were  within  two  leagues  of  the  place 
where  they  dwelt. 

The  seven  and  ti>.icntirtli,  in  the  morning,  was  faire  weather, 
but  much  wind  at  the  nc^rth  ;  we  weighed  and  set  our  fore  top- 
sayle,  and  our  ship  would  not  fiat,  but  ran  on  the  ozie  banke 
at  half  ebbe.  Wee  layed  out  anchor  to  heave  her  off,  but 
could  not.  So  wee  sate  from  halfe  ebbe  to  halfe  tloud  :  then 
wee  set  our  fore-sayle  and  mayne  top-sail,  and  got  downe  si.xe 
leagues.  The  old  man  came  aboord,  and  would  have  had  us 
anchor,  and  goe  on  land  to  eate  with  him  :  but  the  wind  i)eing 
faire,  we  would  not  yeeld  to  his  request ;  so  hee  left  us,  being 
very  sorrowfull  for  our  departure.  At  five  of  the  clocke  in  the 
afternoone,  the  wind  came  to  the  south  south-west.  So  wee 
made  a  boord  or  two,  and  anchored  *  in  fourteene  fathomes 
water.  Then  our  boat  went  on  shoare  to  fish  right  against  the 
ship.  Our  masters  mate  and  boatswaine,  and  three  more  of 
the  companie,  went  on  land  to  fish,  but  could  not  finde  a  good 
place.  They  tooke  foure  or  five  and  twentie  mullets,  breames, 
bases,  and  barbils  ;  and  returned  in  an  houre.  We  rode  still  all 
night. 

*  In  the  vicinity  of  Ked  Hook  (Moulton,  267),  fourteen  miles  from  Catskill  I^anding. 


jV  !','( } 


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10 

The  ei[i,^//f  and  hvcnticth,  being  faire  weather,  as  soone  as  the 
day  was  light,  wee  weighed  at  halfe  ebbe,  and  turned  downe 
two  leagues  belowe  water  ;  for  the  streame  doth  runne  the  last 
quarter  ebbe  :  then  we  anchored  till  high  water.*  At  three  of 
the  clocke  in  the  after-noone  we  weighed,  and  turned  downe 
three  leagues,  untill  it  was  darke  :  then  wee  anchored. 

The  nine  and  tioctitieth  was  drie  close  weather ;  the  wind  at 
1  south,  and  south  and  by  west ;  we  weighed  early  in  the  morn- 
'  ing,  and  turned  downe  three  leagues  by  a  lowe  water,  and  an- 
chored at  the  lower  end  of  the  long  reach  ;  for  it  is  sixe 
leagues  long.  Then  there  came  certaine  Indians  in  a  canoe  to 
us,  but  would  not  come  aboord.  After  dinner  there  came  the 
canoe  with  other  men,  whereoff  three  came  aboord  us.  They 
brought  Indian  wheat,  which  we  bought  for  trirles.  At  three 
of  the  clocke  in  the  after-noone  wee  weighed,  as  soone  as  the 
ebbe  came,  and  turned  downe  to  the  edge  of  the  mountaines, 
or  the  northermost  of  the  mountaines,  and  anchored :  because 
the  high  land  hath  many  points,  and  a  narrow  channel),  and 
hath  manie  eddie  winds. t  So  we  rode  quietly  all  night  in 
seven  fathoms  water. 

The  thirtictJi  was  faire  weather,  and  the  wind  at  south-east, 
a  stiffe  gale  betweene  the  mountaynes.  We  rode  still  the 
afternoone.  The  people  of  the  countrey  came  aboord  us  and 
brought  some  small  skinnes  with  them,  which  we  bought  for 
knives  and  trifles.  This  is  a  very  pleasant  place  to  build  a 
towne  on.  The  road  is  very  neere,  and  very  good  for  all 
windes,  save  an  east  north-east  wind.  The  mountavnes  look 
as  if  some  metall  or  minerall  were  in  them.  For  the  trees  that 
grow  on  them  were  all  blasted,  and  some  of  them  barren,  with 
few  or  no  trees  on  them.  The  people  brought  a  stone  aboord 
like  to  an  emery  (a  stone  used  by  glasiers  to  cut  glasse),  it 
would  cut  iron  or  Steele  :  yet  being  bruised  small,  and  water 
put  to  it,  it  made  a  color  like  blacke  lead  glistering:  it  is  also 
good  for  painters  colours.  At  three  of  the  clocke  they  de- 
parted, and  we  rode  still  all  night. 

The  first  of  October,  faire  weather,  the  wind  variable  be- 
tweene the  west  and  the  north.  In  the  morning  we  weighed 
at  seven  of  the  clocke  with  the  ebbe,  and  got  downe  below  the 
mountaynes,  which  was  seven  leagues.  Then  it  fell  calme  and 
the  floud  was  come,  and  wee  anchored  at  twelve  of  the  clocke. 

*  Probably  near  tlie  Esdpiis  Island,  twelve  miles  from  Red  Hook, 
t  Below  Pouglikeepsic  (.Moulton). 


II 


5i  '■ 


The  people  of  the  mountaynes  came  aboard  us,  wondering  at 
our  ship  and  weapons.  We  bought  some  small  skinnes  of 
them  for  trities.  This  afternoone.  one  canoe  kept  hanging 
under  our  sterne  with  one  man  in  it,  which  we  could  not  keejie 
from  thence,  who  got  up  by  our  rudder  to  the  cabin  window, 
and  stole  out  my  pillow,  and  two  shirts,  and  two  bandeleeres. 
Our  masters  mate  shot  at  him,  and  strooke  him  on  the  brest, 
and  killed  him.  \\'hereu])on  all  the  rest  Hed  away,  some  in 
their  canoes,  and  so  leapt  out  of  them  into  the  water.  We 
manned  our  boat,  and  got  our  things  againe.  'J'hen  one  of 
them  that  swamme  got  hold  of  our  boat,  thinking  to  overthrow 
it.  But  our  cooke  tooke  a  sword,  and  cut  off  one  of  his  hands, 
and  he  was  drowned.  By  this  time  the  ebbe  was  come,  and 
we  weighed  and  got  downe  two  leagues  :  by  that  time  it  was 
darke.  So  we  anchored  in  foure  fathomes  water,  and  rode 
well. 

The  second^  faire  weather.  At  break  of  day  wee  weighed, 
the  w'inde  being  at  north-west,  and  got  downe  seven  leagues ; 
then  the  floud  was  come  strong,  so  we  anchored.  Then  came 
one  of  the  savages  that  swamme  away  from  us  at  our  going  up 
the  river  with  many  other,  thinking  to  betray  us.  But  Mee 
perceived  their  intent,  and  suffered  none  of  them  to  enter  our 
ship.  Whereupon  two  canoes  full  of  men,  with  their  bowes 
and  arrowes  shot  at  us  after  our  sterne :  in  recompence 
whereof  we  discharged  sixe  muskets,  and  killed  two  or  three 
of  them.  Then  above  an  hundred  of  them  came  to  a  point  of 
land  to  shoot  at  us.  There  I  shot  a  falcon  at  them,  and  killed 
two  of  them  :  whereupon  the  rest  tied  into  the  woods.  \'et 
they  manned  off  another  canoe  with  nme  or  ten  men,  which 
came  to  meet  us.  So  I  shot  at  it  also  a  falcon,  and  shot  it 
through,  and  killed  one  of  them.  Then  our  men  with  their 
muskets  killed  three  or  fouie  more  of  them.*  So  they  went 
their  way;  within  a  while  after  wee  got  downe  two  leagues 
beyond  that  place,  and  anchored  in  a  bay,  cleere  from  all  dan- 
ger of  them  on  the  other  side  of  tha  river,  where  we  saw  a  very 
good  piece  of  ground  :  and  hard  by  it  there  was  a  cliffe.  that 
looked  of  the  colour  of  a  white  greene,  as  though  it  were  either 
copper  or  silver  myne  :  and  I  thinke  it  to  be  one  of  them,  b) 
the  trees  that  grow  upon  it.  For  they  be  all  burned,  and  the 
other  places  are  greene  as  grasse  ;  it  is  on  that  side   of  the 

*  Moulton  (i.  271)  thinks  tliat  this  scene  toolt  place  at  the  upper  end  of  the  island  of  M.in- 
hattan  (on  \vhi(  h  New  York  now  stands),  near  Fort  Washington  and  F'ort  Lee,  and  that  tlie 
next  place  nitntioned  was  ofiposite  Manhattan  Island. 


Hi! 


II' 


12 


river  that  is  called  Manna-hata.*  There  we  saw  no  people  to 
trouble  us  ;  and  rode  quietly  all  night ;  but  had  much  wind  and 
raine. 

The  /////v/,  was  very  stormi*^  ■  the  wind  at  east  north-east. 
In  the  morning,  in  a  gust  of  wind  and  raine,  our  anchor  came 
home,  and  we  drove  on  ground,  but  it  was  ozie.  Then  as  we 
were  about  to  have  out  an  anchor,  the  wind  came  to  the  north 
north-west,  and  drove  us  off  againe.  Then  we  shot  an  anchor, 
and  let  it  fall  in  foure  fathomes  water,  and  weighed  the  other. 
Wee  had  much  wind  and  raine,  with  thicke  weather;  so  we 
roade  still  all  night. 

The  fourtli,  was  faire  weather,  and  the  wind  at  north  north- 
west ;  wee  weighed  and  came  out  of  the  river,  into  which  we 
had  runne  so  farre.  Within  a  while  after,  wee  came  out  also  of 
the  great  month  of  the  great  river,  that  runneth  up  to  the  north- 
west, borrowing  upon  the  norther  side  of  the  same,  thinking  to 
have  deepe  water ;  for  wee  had  sounded  a  great  way  with  our 
boat  at  our  first  going  in,  and  found  seven,  six,  and  five 
fathomes.  So  we  came  out  that  way,  but  we  were  deceived, 
for  we  had  but  eight  foot  and  an  halfe  water:  and  so  three, 
five,  three,  and  two  fathomes  and  an  halfe.  And  then  three, 
foure,  five,  sixe,  seven,  eight,  nine  and  ten  fathomes.  And  by 
twelve  of  the  c'.ocke  we  were  cleere  of  all  the  inlet.  Then  we 
took  in  our  boat,  and  set  our  mayne-sayle,  and  sprit-sayle,  and 
our  top-sayles,  and  steered  away  east  south-east,  and  south- 
east by  east  off  into  the  mayne  sea  :  and  the  land  on  the 
souther  side  of  the  bay  or  inlet  did  beare  at  noone  west  and  by 
south  foure  leagues  from  us. 

The  ffth  was  faire  weather,  and  the  wind  variable  betweene 
the  north  and  the  east.  Wee  held  on  our  course  south-east  by 
east.  At  noone  I  observed  and  found  our  height  to  bee  39 
degrees,  30  minutes.  Our  compasse  varied  sixe  degrees  to  the 
west. 

We  continued  our  course  toward  England,  without  seeing 
any  land  by  the  way,  all  the  rest  of  this  moneth  of  October : 
and  on  the  scTcnth  day  of  Xo'-emher,  stilo  novo,  being  Saturday, 
by  the  grace  of  God  we  safely  arrived  in  the  range  of  Dait- 
mouth,  in  Devonshire,  in  the  yeere  1609. 

*  Hudson's  words,  "That  side  of  the  river  which  is  called  Afanuir-hiittn,"  cannot  possibly 
api)ly  to  anything  but  Manhattan  Island  itself.  All  the  early  clironiclers,  as  well  as  the  early 
maps  and  views,  agree  in  uiving  to  that  island  the  Indian  name  which  it  still  bears;  whilst 
the  opposite  shore,  thougli,  perhaps,  also  inhabited  by  the  Manhatt.in  tribe,  is  never  called 
Manhattan.  — As/wr. 


.  1  i 


:l:^^ 


1 ' 


13 


Hudson's   Third    Voyac.e   (i6og).     ?'rom    Van    Mktkrkn's 

"  UlSTORIK    DKR    NkDERLANDKN."        HaGUK,    1614. 

We  have  observed  in  our  last  book  that  the  Directors  of  the 
Dutch  East  India  Company  sent  out  in  March  last  year,  on 
purpose  to  seek  a  passage  to  China  by  north-east  or  north- 
west, an  experienced  English  pilot,  named  Henry  Hudson,  in  a 
vlie  boat,  having  a  crew  of  eighteen  or  twenty  hands,  partly 
English,  partly  Dutch. 

This  Henry  Hudson  left  the  Texel  on  the  6th  of  April,* 
1609,  and,  having  doubled  the  Cape  of  Norway!  tke  5th  of 
May,  directed  his  course  along  the  northern  coasts  towards 
Nova  Zembla ;  but  he  there  found  the  sea  as  full  of  ice  as  he 
had  found  it  in  the  preceding  year,  so  that  he  lost  the  hope  of 
effecting  anything  during  the  season.  This  circumstance,  and 
the  cold,  which  some  of  his  men,  who  had  been  in  the  East 
Indies,  could  not  bear,  caused  quarrels  among  the  crew,  they 
being  partly  English,  partly  Dutch,  upon  which  the  captain, 
Henry  Hudson,  laid  before  them  two  propositions.  The  first 
of  these  was  to  go  to  the  coast  of  America,  to  the  latitude  of 
40°.  This  idea  had  been  suggested  to  him  by  some  letters 
and  maps  which  his  friend,  Captain  Smith,  had  sent  him  from 
Virginia,  and  by  which  he  informed  him  that  there  was  a  sea 
leading  into  the  western  ocean,  by  the  north  of  the  southern 
English  colony.  Had  this  information  been  true  (experience 
goes  as  yet  to  the  contrary),  it  would  have  been  of  great  advan- 
tage, as  indicating  a  short  way  to  India.  The  other  proposi- 
tion was  to  direct  their  search  to  Davis's  Straits.  This 
meeting  with  general  approval,  they  sailed  on  the  14th  of 
May,|  and  arrived  with  a  good  wind  at  the  Faroe  Islands, 
where  they  stopped  but  twenty-four  hours,  to  supply  them- 
selves with  fresh  water.  After  leaving  these  islands,  they 
sailed  on,  till  on  the  iSth  of  July  they  reached  the  coast  of 
Nova  Francia,  under  44°,  where  they  were  obliged  to  land  for 
the  purpose  of  getting  a  new  foremast,  having  lost  theirs. 
They  found  this  a  good  place  for  cod-fishing,  as  also  for  the 
traffic  in  skins  and  furs,  which  were  to  be  got  there  at  a  very 

•The  difference  l)elween  the  two  styles  was,  in  i^ik;,  ten  clays,  Tliiis  the  2;th  of  March 
and  the  '>th  ot  April  are  identical. 

t  The  North  Cape. 

t There  is  no  entry  in  Jiiet's  account  between  the  5th  and  the  19th  of  May.  Kor  the 
import.nit  events  which  passed  in  the  interval,  \'au  .Meteren  is  the  only  authority. —  As/u-r. 


t" 


i 


r 


U' 


1  ;l 


14 

low  price.  But  the  crew  behaved  badly  towards  the  people  of 
the  country,  taking  their  property  by  force,  out  of  which  there 
arose  quarrels  among  them.  The  English,  fearing  that  they 
would  be  outnumbered  and  worsted,  were,  therefore,  afraid  to 
make  any  further  attempt.  They  left  that  place  on  the  26th  of 
July,  and  kept  out  at  sea  till  the  3d  of  August,  when  they  were 
again  near  the  coast,  in  42°  of  latitude.  Thence  they  sailed 
on,  till  on  the  12th  of  August  they  reached  the  shore,  under 
37°  45'.  Thence  they  sailed  along  the  shore  until  we  (su-) 
reached  40°  45',  where  they  found  a  good  entrance,  between 
two  headlands,  and  thus  entered  on  the  12th  of  September, 
into  as  line  a  river  as  can  be  found,  with  good  anchoring 
ground  on  both  sides. 

Their  ship  sailed  up  the  river  as  far  as  42°  40'.  Then 
their  boat  went  higher  up.  Along  the  river  they  found  sen- 
sible and  warlike  people ;  whilst  in  the  highest  part  the  people 
were  more  friendly,  and  had  an  abundance  of  provisions,  skins, 
and  furs,  of  martens  and  foxes,  and  many  other  commodities, 
as  birds  and  fruit,  even  white  and  red  grapes.  These  Ind- 
ians traded  most  amicably  with  the  people  from  the  ship.  And 
of  all  the  above-mentioned  commodities  they  brought  some 
home.  When  they  had  thus  been  about  fifty  leagues  up  the 
river,  they  returned  on  the  4th  of  October,  and  went  again  to 
sea.  More  could  have  been  done  if  the  crew  had  been  willing, 
and  if  the  want  of  some  necessary  provisions  had  not  pre- 
vented it.  While  at  sea,  they  held  counsel  together,  but  were 
of  different  opinions.  The  mate,  a  Dutchman,  advised  to 
winter  in  Newfoundland,  and  to  search  the  north-western  pas- 
sage of  Davis  throughout.  This  was  opposed  by  Hudson. 
He  was  afraid  of  his  mutinous  crew,  who  had  sometimes  sav- 
agely threatened  him  ;  and  he  feared  that  during  the  cold 
season  they  would  entirely  consume  their  provisions,  and 
would  then  be  obliged  to  return.  Many  of  the  crew,  also, 
were  ill  and  sickly.  Nobody,  however,  spoke  of  returning 
home  to  Holland,  which  circumstance  madejhe  captain  still 
more  suspicious.  He  proposed,  therefore,  to  sail  to  Ireland, 
and  winter  there,  which  they  all  agreed  to.  At  last  they 
arrived  at  Dartmouth,  in  England,  the  7th  of  November, 
whence  they  informed  their  employers,  the  Directors  of  the 
East  India  Company,  of  their  voyage.  They  proposed  to  them 
to  go  out  again  for  a  search  in  the  north-west,  and  that,  be- 
sides the  pay,  fifteen  hundred  florins  should  be  laid  out  for  an 


',?  >,ii 


15 

additional  supply  of  provisions.  Hudson  also  wanted  six  or 
seven  of  his  crew  exchanged  for  others,  and  their  number 
raised  to  twenty.  He  was  then  going  to  leave  Dartmouth  on 
the  I  St  of  March,  so  as  to  be  in  the  north-west  towards  the  end 
of  that  month,  and  there  to  spend  the  whole  of  April  and  the 
first  half  of  May  in  catching  whales  and  other  fish  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Panar  Island,  thence  to  sail  to  the  north-west, 
and  there  to  pass  the  time  till  the  middle  of  September,  and 
then  to  return  to  Holland  along  the  north-eastern  coast  of 
Scotland.     Thus  this  voyage  passed  off. 

A  long  time  elapsed,  through  contrary  winds,  before  the 
Company  could  be  informed  of  the  arrival  of  the  ship  in  Eng- 
land. Then  they  ordered  the  ship  and  crew  to  return  as  soon 
as  possible.  But,  when  they  were  going  to  do  so,  Henry 
Hudson  and  the  other  Englishmen  of  the  ship  were  com- 
manded by  government  there  not  to  leave  England,  but  to 
serve  their  own  country.  Many  persons  thought  it  rather  un- 
fair that  these  sailors  should  thus  be  prevented  from  laying 
their  accounts  and  reports  before  their  employers,  chiefly  as 
the  enterprise  in  which  they  had  been  engaged  was  such  as  to 
benefit  navigation  in  general.  These  latter  events  took  place 
in  January,  1610;  and  it  was  then  thought  probable  that  the 
B^nglish  themselves  would  send  ships  to  Virginia,  to  explore 
the  river  found  by  Hudson. 


Extracts  relating  to   Hudson's  Third  Voyac.k  (1609),  from  John 
i)K  Laet's  "Nieuwe  Werei.t,"  Amsterdam,  1625,  1630. 


sav- 

cold 

and 

also, 

rning 

still 

iland, 

they 

mber, 

:   the 

them 

t,  be- 

or  an 


I. 

As  to  the  first  discovery,  the  Directors  of  the  privileged  East 
India  Company,  in  1609,  dispatched  the  yacht,  "Half  Moon," 
under  the  command  of  Henry  Hudson,  captain  and  super- 
cargo, to  seek  a  passage  to  China  by  the  north-east.  But  he 
changed  his  course  and  stood  over  towards  New  France ;  and, 
having  passed  the  banks  of  Newfoundland  in  latitude  43°  23',* 
he  made  the  land  in  latitude  44°  15',!  with  a  west-north-west 
and  north-west  course,  and  went  on  shore  at  a  place  where 
there  were  many  of  the  natives  with  whom,  as  he  understood, 

•  Near  Cape  .Sable,  Neva  Scotia. 
On  the  coast  of  Maine,  a  few  miles  to  the  north  of  Penobscot  Bay. 


\il 


1 


iil 


i6 

the  French  came  every  year  to  trade.  Sailing  hence,  he  bent 
his  course  to  the  south,  until  running  south-south-west,  and 
south-west  by  south,  he  again  made  land  in  latitude  41^  43', 
which  he  supposed  to  be  an  island,  and  gave  it  the  name  of 
New  Holland,*  but  afterwards  discovered  that  it  was  Cape 
Cod,  and  that,  according  to  his  observation,  it  lay  two  hundred 
and  twenty-five  miles  to  the  west  of  its  place  on  all  the  charts. 
Pursuing  his  course  to  the  south,  he  again  saw  land  in  latitude 
37°  15'.  The  coast  was  low,  running  north  and  south  ;  and  op- 
posite to  it  lay  a  bank  or  shoal,  within  which  there  was  a  depth 
of  eight,  nine,  ten,  eleven,  seven,  and  six  and  a  half  fathoms, 
with  a  sandy  bottom.     Hudson  called  this  place  Dry  Cape.t 

Changing  his  course  to  the  northward,  he  again  discovered 
land  in  latitude  38°  9',  where  there  was  a  white  sandy  shore, 
and  within  appeared  a  thick  grove  of  trees  full  of  green  foliage. 
The  direction  of  the  coast  was  north-north-east  and  south- 
south-west  for  about  twenty-four  miles,  then  north  and  south 
for  twenty-one  miles,  and  afterwards  south-east  and  north-west 
for  fifteen  miles.  They  continued  to  run  along  the  coast  to 
the  north,  until  they  reached  a  point  from  which  tlie  land 
stretches  to  the  west  and  north-west  where  several  rivers  dis- 
charge into  an  open  bay.  Land  was  seen  to  the  east-north- 
east, which  Hudson  at  firs  took  to  be  an  island  ;  but  it  proved 
to  be  the  main  land,  and  the  second  point  of  the  bay,  in  lati- 
tude 38"^  54'.  Standing  in  upon  a  course  north-west  by  east, 
they  soon  found  themselves  embayed,  and,  encountering  many 
breakers,  stood  out  again  to  the  south-south-east.  Hudson 
suspected  that  a  large  river  discharged  into  the  bay,  from  the 
strength  of  the  current  that  set  out  and  caused  the  accumula- 
tion of  sands  and  shoals.  J 

Continuing  their  course  along  the  shore  to  the  north,  they 
observed  a  white  sandy  beach  and  drowned  land  within,  be- 
yond which  there  appeared  a  grove  of  wood,  the  coast  running 
north-east  by  east  and  south-west  by  south.  Afterwards  the 
direction  of  the  coast  changed  to  north  by  east,  and  was  higher 

*  It  is  a  question  of  some  moment  wlietiier  Hudson  really  call  id  Cape  Cod  N'ew  Holland. 
His  doing  so  would  imply  an  intention  on  his  side  to  take  posrdssion  of  the  country  in  the 
name  of  the  Dutch.  I)e  I.ai't  is  the  only  one  of  our  authorititj  who  saw  Hudson's  own  jour- 
nal of  the  third  voyage  ;  and,  if  we  could  fully  believe  his  statements,  e\'cry  doubt  would  be 
removed.  l!ut  the  discrepancies  between  him,  J  net,  and  I'urchas,  and  the  mistakes  com- 
mitted by  each  of  them  with  regard  to  Cape  Cod,  render  a  satisfactory  conclusion  impossible. 
A  sher. 

t  Probably  Cape  Charles,  at  the  mouth  of  Chesapeake  Hay,  37°  10'. 

%  Tlie  bay  and  river  are  the  Delaware  Bay  and  River. 


1,;;  ■\ 

i' 


17 

land  than  they  had  yet  seen.  They  at  length  reached  a  lofty 
promontory  or  headland,  behind  which  was  situated  a  bay, 
which  they  entered  and  run  up  into  a  roadstead  near  a  low 
sandy  point,  in  latitude  40°  18'.  There  they  were  visited  by  two 
savages  clothed  in  elk-skins,  who  showed  them  every  sign  of 
friendship.  On  the  land  they  found  an  abundance  of  blue 
plums  and  magnificent  oaks,  of  a  height  and  thickness  that  one 
seldom  beholds  ;  together  with  poplars,  linden-trees,  and  various 
other  kinds  of  wood  useful  in  ship-building.  Sailing  hence  in 
a  north-easterly  direction,  they  ascended  a  river  to  nearly  43'^ 
north  latitude,  where  it  became  so  narrow  and  of  so  little 
depth  that  they  found  it  necessary  to  return. 

From  all  that  they  could  learn,  there  had  never  been  any 
ships  or  Christians  in  that  quarter  before ;  and  they  were  the 
first  to  discover  the  river  and  ascend  it  so  far.  Henry  Hudson 
returned  to  Amsterdam  with  his  report ;  and  in  the  following 
year,  1610,  some  merchants  again  sent  a  ship  thither, —  that  is 
to  say,  to  the  second  river  discovered,  which  was  called  Man- 
hattes  from  the  savage  nation  that  dwelt  at  its  mouth.  And 
subsequently  their  High  Mightinesses,  the  States  General, 
granted  to  these  merchants  the  exclusive  privilege  of  navigat- 
ing this  river  and  trading  there.  Whereupon,  in  the  year  1615, 
a  redoubt  or  fort  was  erected  on  the  river,  and  occupied  by  a 
small  garrison,  of  which  we  shall  hereafter  speak.  Our  coun- 
trymen have  continued  to  make  voyages  thither  from  year  to 
year,  for  the  purpose  of  trafficking  with  the  natives  ;  and  on 
this  account  the  country  has  very  justly  received  the  name  of 
New  Netherlands. 


II. 

Henry  Hudson,  who  first  discovered  this  river,  and  all  that 
have  since  visited  it,  express  their  admiration  of  the  noble 
trees  growing  upon  its  banks  ;  and  Hudson  has  himself  de- 
scribed the  manners  and  appearance  of  the  people  that  he 
found  dwelling  within  this  bay,  in  the  following  terms  :  — 

"  When  I  came  on  shore,  the  swarthy  natives  all  stood 
around  and  sung  in  their  fashion  ;  their  clothing  consisted  of 
the  skins  of  foxes  and  other  animals,  which  they  dress  and 
make  the  skins  into  garments  of  various  sorts.  Their  food  is 
Turkish  wheat  (maize  or  Indian  corn),  which  they  cook  by 
baking,  and  it  is  excellent  eating.  They  all  came  on  board, 
one  after  another,  in  their  canoes,  which  are  made  of  a  single 


•V^Sf 


i8 


t,  i 


h 


hollowed  tree ;  their  weapons  are  bows  and  arrows,  pointed 
with  sharp  stones,  which  they  fasten  with  hard  resin.  They 
had  no  houses,  but  slept  under  the  blue  heavens,  sometimes 
on  mats  of  bulrushes  interwoven,  and  sometimes  on  the  leaves 
of  trees.  They  always  carry  with  them  all  their  goods,  such 
as  their  food  and  green  tobacco,  which  is  strong  and  good  for 
use.  They  appear  to  be  a  friendly  people,  but  have  a  great 
propensity  to  steal,  and  are  exceedingly  adroit  in  carrying 
away  whatever  they  take  a  fancy  to." 

In  latitude  40°  48',  where  the  savages  brought  very  fine 
oysters  to  the  ship,  Hudson  describes  the  country  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner :  "  It  is  as  pleasant  a  land  as  one  need  tread 
upon  ;  very  abundant  in  all  kinds  of  timber  suitable  for  ship- 
building, and  for  making  large  casks  or  vats.  The  people  had 
copper  tobacco  pipes,  from  which  I  inferred  that  copper  might 
naturally  exist  there  ;  and  iron  likewise  according  to  the  testi- 
mony of  the  natives,  who,  however,  do  not  understand  prepar- 
ing it  for  use." 

Hudson  also  states  that  they  caught  in  the  river  all  kinds  of 
fresh-water  fish  with  seines,  and  young  salmon  and  sturgeon. 
In  latitude  42°  18'  he  landed.  "I  sailed  to  the  shore,"  he 
says,  "  in  one  of  their  canoes,  with  an  old  man,  who  was  the 
chief  of  a  tribe,  consisting  of  forty  men  and  seventeen  women  ; 
these  I  saw  there  in  a  house  well  constructed  of  oak  bark,  and 
circular  in  shape,  so  that  it  had  the  appearance  of  being  well 
built,  with  an  arched  roof.  It  contained  a  great  quantity  of 
maize  or  Indian  corn,  and  beans  of  the  last  year's  growth,  and 
there  lay  near  the  house  for  the  purpose  of  drying  enough  to 
load  three  ships,  besides  what  was  growing  in  the  fields.  On 
our  coming  into  the  house,  two  mats  were  spread  out  to  sit 
upon,  and  immediately  some  food  was  served  in  well  made  red 
wooden  bowls  ;  two  men  were  also  despatched  at  once  with 
bows  and  arrows  in  quest  of  game,  who  soon  after  brought  in 
a  pair  of  pigeons  which  they  had  shot.  They  likewise  killed  a 
fat  dog,  and  skinned  it  in  great  haste,  with  shells  which  they 
had  got  out  of  the  water.  They  supposed  that  I  would  remain 
with  them  for  the  night,  but  I  returaed  after  a  short  time  on 
board  the  ship.  The  land  is  the  finest  for  cultivation  that  I 
ever  in  my  life  .set  foot  upon,  and  it  also  abounds  in  trees  of 
every  description.  The  natives  are  a  very  good  people  ;  for, 
when  they  saw  that  I  would  not  remain,  they  supposed  that  I 
was  afraid  of  their  bows,  and,  taking  the  arrows,  they  broke 
them  in  pieces,  and  threw  them  into  the  fire,"  etc. 


r!nr 

!P« 

11 

;  '  ■ 

'1' 

s 

1 

L^' 

19 


He  found  there  also  vines  and 
fruits,  from  all  of  which  there  is  su 


grapes,  pumpkins,  and  other 
cient  reason  to  conclude 


that  it  is  a  pleasant  and  fruitful  country,  and  that  the  natives 
are  well  disposed,  if  they  are  only  well  treated  ;  although  they 
are  very  changeable,  and  of  the  same  general  character  as  all 
the  savages  in  the  north. 


he 
the 
men  ; 
,  and 
well 
ty  of 
,  and 


Henry  Hudson,  who,  in  the  service  of  the  Dutch  East  India  Company,  discovered  the 
Hudson  River  in  1609,  was  an  Kn>>lishnian,  a  citizen  of  London,  born  in  tiie  latter  part  of  the 
sixteenth  century.  He  belonged  to  a  family  of  adventurers  and  explorers  An  earlier  Henry 
Hudson,  perhaps  his  grandfather,  a  London  alderman,  was  one  of  the  founders,  with  Sebas- 
tian Cabot,  of  the  Muscovy  or  Russia  Comjiany,  established  to  promote  the  discovery  of  a 
northerly  passage  to  China.  Christopher  Hudson  was  an  agent  of  this  company  in  Russia  as 
early  as  1560,  and  took  a  deep  interest  in  Sir  Humphrey  (iilbert's  voyage  to  America  in  15H3. 
Captain  Thomas  Hudson,  who  had  himself  commanded  an  expedition  to  I'ersia,  advised  Cap- 
tain John  Davis  concerning  his  search  for  a  north-west  passage  to  China,  which  resulted  m 
the  discovery  of  Davis's  Strait.   He  also  exercisetl  a  powerful  inlluence  upon   Henry  Hudson. 

We  know  nothing  of  Henry  Hudson's  early  life.  He  comes  before  us  from  April  19,  i(x)7, 
to  June  21,  I*"'!  I,  which  time  was  almost  entirely  occupied  in  bis  four  unsucce.'-sful  \oyages  to 
discover  a  north-west  passage  to  China.  'I"he  Hudson  River,  Hudson  Strait,  and  Hudson 
15ay  bear  his  name  and  preserve  his  memory;  and  the  last  is  his  tomb.  He  was  cut  adrift 
upon  its  waters  by  a  mutinous  crew  one  midsummer  day,  161 1,  in  a  small  boat  with  naif  a 
dozen  men,  and  miserably  perished. 

In  point  of  fact,  as  has  been  often  pointed  out,  neither  Hudson  River  nor  strait  nor  bay 
was  really  first  discovered  by  Hudson.  He  pushed  his  explorations  further  than  his  prede- 
cessors, and  left  a  more  distinct  record;  but  the  river,  the  strait,  and  the  bay  were  all  marked 
in  maps  before  the  time  of  Hudson.  What  he  did  do  by  his  four  voy.iges  was  to  show  that 
the  passage  to  China  was  not  the  simple  thing  it  had  been  represented  to  be,  that  there  was  no 
strait  through  the  continent  of  North  America  in  a  low  latitude,  and  that,  if  there  was  one  in  a 
high  latitude,  it  could  scarcely  be  of  any  practical  value. 

Hudson's  first  and  second  voyages  in  the  arctic  regions  were  in  the  service  of  the  Mus- 
covy Company,  and  his  fourth  voyage  also  was  under  the  auspices  of  Knglish  adventurers. 
The  third  and  most  famous  voyage,  with  which  we  are  especially  concerned,  was  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Dutch  East  India  Company,  which  had  recently  been  established  and  was  stimu- 
lated liy  Knglish  rivalry.  The  fame  of  Hudson's  voyages  had  spread,  and  a  flattering  invita- 
tion came  to  him  from  the  King  of  France  just  after  he  liad  closed  with  the  Dutch  Company. 
A  copy  of  Hudson's  contract  with  the  company  exists,  showing  that  he  signed  his  name  Henry 
Hudson,  and  that  in  the  body  of  the  instrument  he  was  also  named  Henry  (not  Hendrik), 
and  that  an  interpreter  was  required,  as  he  did  not  understand  Dutch. 

Hudson  sailed  from  Amsterdam  in  the  "  Half  Moon"  about  the  first  of  April,  i6o<),  "to 
search  for  a  passage  to  the  north  around  by  the  north  side  of  Nova  Zeinbla."  He  had  im- 
portant advice,  maps,  and  books  from  various  friends,  and  certain  letters  "which  his  friend, 
Captain  John  Smith,  had  sent  him  from  Virginia,  and  by  which  lie  informed  him  that  there 
was  a  sea  reaching  into  the  western  ocean  by  the  north  of  the  English  colony."'  He  had  a 
mot  ey  crew  of  sixteen  or  eighteen  English  and  Dutch  sailors.  Robert  Juet,  who  had  been 
his  mate  in  his  previous  voyage,  and  who  on  his  last  voyage  was  a  leader  in  the  mutiny  which 
cost  Hudson  his  life,  now  acted  as  his  clerk,  and  kept  the  journal  of  the  voyage  from  which  the 
account  of  the  sail  up  the  Hudson  is  taken  for  the  ))resent  leaflet.  Hudson's  own  journal, 
which  De  Laet  had  oefore  him  when  he  wrote  the  "  Nieuwe  Werelt,''  frfim  which  an  e\tract 
is  given  in  this  leaflet,  has  entirely  disappeared.  The  difficulties  and  sufferings  in  the  north 
were  such  that  the  men  refused  to  go  on,  and  Hudson  turned  toward  America.  He  skirted 
the  coast  from  Nova  Scotia  to  Chesapeake  Bay,  then,  resisting  his  temptation  to  visit  his 
friend  John  Smith,  turned  northward,  entered  Delaware  Hay,  followed  the  New  Jersey 
coast  to  Sandy  Hook,  found  the  mouth  of  the  great  river  which  now  bears  his  name,  and 
spent  a  month  exploring  it,  as  described  by  Juet  in  the  leaflet,  the  extract  given  being  about 
one-third  of  the  journal  of  the  whole  voyage.  Hudson  ascended  the  river  to  a  point  just 
above  the  site  of  the  preseni  '■'tv  of  Albany.  He  became  satisfied  that  this  course  did  not 
lead  to  the  South  Sea  or  China;  as  Chaniplain,  who  the  same  summer  had  been  making  his 
way  through  Lake  Chaniplain  to  the  Sout.'i  Sea,  concluded  that  his  course  did  not  lead  thither. 
The  two  explorers  by  opposite  routes  approached  unawares  within  twenty  leagues  of  each 
other.  On  the  4th  of  October  Hud.son  came  again  into  the  sea,  and  reached  Dartmouth,  Eng- 
land, November  7.     He  proposed  to  sail  again  in  the  service  c£  the  Dutch  East  India  Com- 


it 


' 


i\ 


' 


20 


paiiy,  l)ut  was  ordered  by  tlie   F.n^lish  government  to  remain  witli  IiIb  Knglislimcn  in  Knglish 
service. 

I'urchas,  in  tin;  tiiird  volume  of  his  "  Pilgrinies"  (if'it,),  jiublislied  the  acmunt*  Ijy  Hud- 
son and  his  companions  of  all  the  four  voyages ;  and  these  are  reprinte<l  in  the  first  volume 
of  the  New  York  Historical  Society's  Collections.  In  Purchases  "  I'llgrimane"  there  is  a 
chapter  on  Hudson's  "  Discoveries  and  Death,"  which  is  mainly  a  summary  of  the  documents 
in  the  "  Pilgrimes." 

Asher's  "  Henry  Hudson,  the  Navigator,"'  edited,  with  a  critical  introduction  and  notes, 
for  the  Hakluyt  Society  (iWxi),  is  an  exhaustive  account  of  Hudson's  explorations,  and  in- 
cludes the  original  accounts  of  the  four  voyages  given  by  Purchas,  the  early  Dulch  accounts 
by  Hcssel-geritz,  Van  Meteren,  and  De  Laet,  and  laternotices.  A  full  bibliography  is  given 
by  Asher,  p.  25X.  John  Meredith  Read,  Jr.'s,  "Historical  Inquiry  conceniing  Henry  Hud- 
scm  and  his  Family"  and  Henry  C.  Murphy's  "Henry  Hudson  in  Holland  are  valuable 
studies.  De  Costa  s  "  Sailing  Directions  of  Hudson"  is  accompanied  by  a  dissertation  on 
the  discovery  of  the  Hudson  River.  All  the  common  histories  of  New  York  have  chapters 
on  Hudson's  discovery.  Moulton  (Yates  and  Moulton's  History  of  New  York)  gives  a  run 
ning  commentary  on  Hudson's  passage  up  the  river. 

The  chapter  on  "  New  Netherland,  or  the  Dutch  in  North  America,"  in  the  "  Narrative 
and  Critical  History  of  America"  (vol.  iv.),  is  by  Herthold  Kernow;  and  his  appended  critical 
essay  on  the  sources  of  information  is  a  most  valuable  bibliography.  The  early  volumes  of 
Rrodhead's  "  Documents  relating  to  the  Colonial  History  of  New  York"  contain  an  invalu- 
able mass  of  documents  relating  to  the  Dutch  period.  Asher  has  published  a  "  Ribliographi- 
cal  and  Historical  Essay  on  the  Dutch  I^ooks  and  Pamphlets  relating  to  New  Netherland." 
Adrian  Van  der  Doncic's  "Description  of  New  Netherland"  (1655)  is  published  as  Old 
South  Leaflet  No.  69 ;  and  Uie  notes  will  be  of  service  to  the  student. 


Knglish 

jy  Uud- 

volume 

ere  is  a 

cuments 

d  notes, 
and  in- 
iccuunts 
is  given 
ry  Hud- 
valuable 
ition  on 
chapters 
s  a  run- 

'arrative 
i  critical 
umes  of 
I  invalu- 
ographi- 
srland." 
as  Old 


n, 


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